![]() Sensory information enters the spinal cord on the dorsal side, is integrated with other information in the gray matter and motor information leaves from the ventral side in a reflex arc. Most of the signals travel through the pathways of the spinal cord white matter and connect and become integrated into the spinal cord gray matter. These movements, involuntary and voluntary, rely on sensory receptors, sensory nerves, interneurons, motor nerves, and muscles. If there is a tug on the fishing line, the reflex may be to quickly pull up with the rod, but then there will be a planned sequence of subtle movements to lure in the fish.įigure 13.2 Reflexes in Action: Surfing and fishing in Hawai‘i That is only a part of what happens because we also have the voluntary (conscious) movements that we plan and control in addition to the movements of a reflex. If the body is abruptly thrown off balance, reflexes cause the optimal muscle contractions to regain your footing. We are born with some impulses, and others are learned. A reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus. Your reflexive response to the swift jolt of your surfboard, or the tug on your fishing line, happens so fast you do not even need a moment to plan your movement. If you are riding a wave on your favorite board or waiting for that ‘ono fish to bite the hook, be grateful to your reflexes, at least in part, for your success. Understand spinal cord injury and define different types of neurological examsįigure 13.1 Shave Ice: A rainbow of sensation Shave Ice Introduction.Describe the components of a reflex arc and different types of reflexes.Define sensation, types of general senses, and their receptors.Describe the functions of the peripheral nerves of the nerve plexuses.Describe the structures and functions of the spinal nerves.Describe the major sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord.Describe the structures and functions of the spinal cord.
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